Izizathu ezingemva koBubomi beShelufu obahlukeneyo beZiselo kwiiVenkile

Ubomi beshelufa yeziselo ezivenkileni buhlala buhluka ngenxa yezinto ezininzi, ezinokuhlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuLungiselela:

Indlela yokucubungula esetyenziselwa isiselo ichaphazela kakhulu ubomi baso.

• UHT(Ubushushu obuphezulu) Ukulungiswa: Iziselo ezicutshungulwayo kusetyenziswa iteknoloji ye-UHT zifudunyezwa kumaqondo aphezulu kakhulu (ngokuqhelekileyo i-135 ° C ukuya kwi-150 ° C) ixesha elifutshane, ngokubulala ngokufanelekileyo ibhaktheriya kunye ne-enzyme, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa ubomi beshelufu. Iziselo eziphathwa nge-UHT zinokuhlala iinyanga okanye ukuya kuthi ga kunyaka kwaye azifuni friji. Le ndlela iqhele ukusetyenziselwa ubisi, ikofu esele ilungele ukuselwa, iti yobisi, kunye neziselo ezifanayo.
• I-HTST (ixesha elifutshane lobushushu obuphezulu) Ukulungiswa: Iziselo ezicutshungulwayo kusetyenziswa i-HTST zifudunyezwa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi (ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-72 ° C) kwaye ligcinwe ixesha elifutshane (i-15 ukuya kwi-30 imizuzwana). Nangona le ndlela isebenzayo ekubulaleni iibhaktheriya, ayinamandla njenge-UHT, ngoko ke ubomi beshelufu yezi ziselo budla ngokuba bufutshane, ngokuqhelekileyo bufuna ifriji kwaye buhlala iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki. I-HTST iqhele ukusetyenziselwa ubisi olutsha kunye nezinye iziselo ezineasidi ephantsi.
• I-ESL (Ubomi beShelufu eyandisiweyo) Ukulungiswa: Ukulungiswa kwe-ESL yindlela yonyango yokushisa ewela phakathi kwe-pasteurization yendabuko kunye ne-UHT. Iziselo zifudunyezwa kubushushu obuphakathi kwe 85°C kunye ne 100°C imizuzwana emininzi ukuya kwimizuzu. Le ndlela ibulala ngokufanelekileyo i-microorganisms ezininzi ngelixa igcina incasa kunye nezondlo, yandisa ubomi beshelufu kwiiveki okanye iinyanga ezimbalwa, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ifuna ifriji. I-ESL isetyenziswa kakhulu kubisi, iti esele zilungele ukuselwa, kunye neziselo zeziqhamo.
• Ukucinezela Okubandayo: Umshicileli obandayo yindlela yokukhupha izithako zesiselo ngaphandle kobushushu, ngaloo ndlela kugcinwe ngcono izondlo kunye neencasa. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-high-temperature pasteurization ingabandakanyekanga, ii-microorganisms zinokukhula lula, ngoko ke iziselo ezicinezelweyo zinobomi obufutshane kakhulu beshelufu, ngokuqhelekileyo iintsuku ezimbalwa, kwaye kufuneka zifakwe efrijini. Ukucofa okubandayo ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa iijusi ezisele zilungele ukusela kunye neziselo zempilo.
• I-Pasteurization: Ezinye iziselo zisebenzisa i-pasteurization yobushushu obuphantsi (ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-60°C kunye ne-85°C) ukuze zibulale ii-microorganisms kwixesha elide. Ezi ziselo zikholisa ukuba nobomi obude beshelufu xa kuthelekiswa neziselo ezicinezelwe ngokubanda kodwa zisemfutshane kuneemveliso ezinyangelwe yi-UHT, zihlala iiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga. I-Pasteurization isoloko isetyenziselwa iimveliso zobisi kunye neziselo.

2. Indlela yokuzalisa:

Indlela yokuzalisa inefuthe elithe ngqo kwishelufu yesiselo kunye neemeko zokugcina, ngakumbi emva kokunyanga kobushushu.

• Ukuzaliswa okushushu: Ukuzaliswa okutshisayo kubandakanya ukuzalisa izitya kunye neziselo eziye zafudumala kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu, zilandelwa ngokutywinwa ngokukhawuleza. Le ndlela ivimbela ukungena komoya kunye nokungcola kwangaphandle, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa ubomi beshelufu. Ukuzaliswa okushushu ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa ukusela ubisi, iziphuzo, kunye nesobho, rhoqo ngokubambisana ne-UHT okanye unyango lwe-ESL.
• Ukuzaliswa okubandayo: Ukuzaliswa okubandayo kubandakanya ukuzalisa izitya ngeziselo ezipholileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukutywinwa okuqinileyo. Le ndlela ikholisa ukufuna indawo engqonge intsholongwane kwaye isetyenziselwa iziselo ezinganyangekiyo kunyango lobushushu, njengejusi ezicinezelwe ngokubanda. Kuba ezi ziselo azizange zifakwe inzalo yobushushu, kufuneka zigcinwe efrijini kwaye zibenobomi obufutshane beshelufu.
• Ukuzaliswa kweAseptic: Ukuzaliswa kweAseptic kubhekiselele ekuzaliseni izikhongozeli kwindawo engcolileyo, ehlala zisebenzisa umoya oyinyumba okanye ulwelo ukuphelisa naziphi na iimicroorganisms ngaphakathi kwesikhongozeli. Ukuzaliswa kwe-Aseptic ngokuqhelekileyo kudibaniswa ne-UHT okanye i-ESL processing, evumela ukuba iziselo zigcinwe kwindawo yokushisa ixesha elide. Le ndlela iqhele ukusetyenziselwa ubisi olusele lusele lusele, ijusi yeziqhamo, kunye neziselo ezifanayo.
• Ukuzaliswa kweVacuum: Ukuzaliswa kwe-vacuum kubandakanya ukuzalisa isikhongozeli kunye nokwenza i-vacuum ngaphakathi ukuthintela ukungena komoya. Ngokunciphisa ukudibanisa nomoya, ixesha leshelufu lemveliso liyandiswa. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa iimveliso ezifuna ubomi obude beshelufu ngaphandle konyango lobushushu obuphezulu, njengokutya okuthile okungamanzi.

3. Indlela yokuPakisha:

Indlela isiselo esipakishwa ngayo nayo ichaphazela ubomi baso kwishelufu.

• Ukupakishwa okutywiniweyo: Ukupakishwa okutywiniweyo (okufana ne-aluminium foil okanye ifilimu edibeneyo) inceda ukukhusela umoya, ukukhanya, kunye nomswakama ekungeneni kwisitya, ukunciphisa ukukhula kwe-microbial kwaye ngaloo ndlela kwandise ubomi beshelufu. Iziselo eziphathwa nge-UHT zihlala zisebenzisa ukupakishwa okutywiniweyo, okunokugcina iimveliso zintsha kangangeenyanga.
• Ukupakishwa kwebhotile yeglasi okanye yePlastiki: Ukuba ukupakishwa kungatywinwa ngokufanelekileyo, isiselo sinokudibana nomoya kunye neebhaktheriya zangaphandle, sinciphise ubomi beshelufu.
• Iziselo ezisebhotileni zokufakela ifriji: Ezinye iziselo zifuna ukufakwa efrijini nasemva kokuba zipakishiwe. Ezi ziselo zisenokungabi napakethe evalwe ngokupheleleyo okanye azizange zingene kunyango lobushushu, nto leyo ekhokelela kubomi obufutshane beshelufu.

4. Izongezo kunye neziKhuseli:

Iimveliso ezininzi zesiselo zisebenzisa izigcini okanye izongezo zokwandisa ubomi babo beshelufu.

• Izilondolozi: Izithako ezifana ne-potassium sorbate kunye ne-sodium benzoate zivimbela ukukhula kwee-microorganisms, ngaloo ndlela zandisa ubomi beshelufu yesiselo.
• Ii-Antioxidants: Izithako ezifana ne-vitamin C kunye ne-vitamin E zikhusela i-oxidation yezondlo kwisiselo, ukugcina i-flavour kunye nokuzinza kombala.
• Akukho ziZigcini ziFakelweyo: Ezinye iimveliso zesiselo zibanga ukuba “azinasigcinakaliso” okanye “zendalo,” okuthetha ukuba akukho zithinteli zongezwayo, kwaye ezi zidla ngokuphila ubomi obufutshane beshelufu.

5. Ukwakheka kwesiselo:

Izithako ezikwisiselo zichaza ukuba sinokonakala kangakanani na.

• Ubisi olucocekileyo kunye neemveliso zobisi: Ubisi olucocekileyo kunye nezinye iimveliso zobisi (ezifana neyogathi kunye ne-milkshakes) zineprotheyini eninzi kunye ne-lactose, ezenza kube lula ukukhula kwebhaktheriya. Ngokuqhelekileyo bafuna unyango olusebenzayo lobushushu ukwandisa ubomi beshelufu.
• Iziselo zeziqhamo kunye neeti: Iziselo ezinejusi yeziqhamo, iswekile, incasa, okanye imibala inokuba nezidingo ezahlukeneyo zokugcinwa kwaye inokuchaphazela ubomi beshelufu ngokuxhomekeke kwizithako ezithile ezisetyenzisiweyo.

6. UGcino kunye neeMeko zoThutho:

Indlela isiselo esigcinwa ngayo kwaye sithuthwa ngayo kunokuba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kubomi baso beshelufu.

• Isikhenkcezisi vs. Ukugcinwa koBushushu beGumbi: Ezinye iziselo kufuneka zifakwe efrijini ukuze zithintele ukukhula nokonakala kweentsholongwane. Ezi ziselo zidla ngokubhalwa "zifuna ifriji" okanye "ifriji emva kokuthenga." Iziselo eziphathwa nge-UHT, nangona kunjalo, zinokugcinwa kwindawo yobushushu begumbi ixesha elide.
• Iimeko zoThutho: Ukuba iziphuzo zibonakaliswe kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu ngexesha lokuthutha, ubomi babo beshelufu bunokuthi bube bufutshane, njengoko ukulawulwa kokushisa okungafanelekanga kunokunyusa ukonakala.

7. Ukwenziwa kweMveliso kunye nokuLungiswa:

Ukwenziwa kunye nokulungiswa kwesiselo nako kuchaphazela ubomi baso kwishelufu.

• Iziselo zeSithako esinye vs. Iziselo ezixutyiweyo: Iziselo zesithako esinye (ezifana nobisi olusulungekileyo) zihlala ziqulathe iinxalenye zendalo kwaye zinokuphila kwishelufu emfutshane. Iziselo ezixutyiweyo (ezifana neti yobisi, ubisi olunencasa, okanye ikofu esele ilungele ukuselwa) zinokuzuza kwizithako ezinceda ukwandisa ubomi beshelufu.